The challenge, therefore, is to ensure sustainable use of our natural. This resource base is increasingly under pressure from human activities, resulting in environmental degradation and depletion. The general perception is that environmental degradation is partly due to lack of environmental awareness. Potential environmental impacts of quarrying stone in. The legislative process gave forth the environmental management and coordination act emca no. Nov 11, 2014 perhaps rural poverty contributes to environmental degradation on the very small proportion of the worlds forests, soils and water to which the poor have access so it is not a major contributor to global environmental degradation but a serious contributor to environmental degradation in particular places alder, graham 1995, tackling. Environmental degradation in rural areas environment. Studies have shown that many kenyans rely on and trust the media for information. Kenya has also undertaken the development of a climate change policy framework and the establishment of mechanisms for implementation and coordination of climate change activities across the country, thereby setting the stage for integration. Environmental degradation, migration and conflict astri suhrke chr. The results obtained from this study will contribute to inform us about the possible security implications of climate change. Even with high inputs, kenya s lands can support only 51 million people a total that will be passed by 2010.
Environmental degradation can lead to a scarcity of resources, such as water and farmable. There is much controversy surrounding the poverty environmental degradation nexus. Transitioning to a low emissions economy is a key component of kenyas vision 2030. Aug 18, 2008 environmental degradation can lead to a scarcity of resources, such as water and farmable. Oct 11, 2012 how to solve environmental challenges in kenya environment is a term used to mean our home environment with human population and its physical surrounding, in other words, environment refers to living and non living things and how they interact with their surroundings including the atmosphere, air, water and land. Therefore, environmental degradation can only be understood within the context of the society that the environment supports. The devastating effects of environmental degradation a. Pdf the national economy and environmental degradation in. It may arise either by natural processes or by manmade activities. Land tenure, land use, environmental degradation and conflict resolution. Land degradation is more pronounced in the eastern parts and north eastern parts of kenya as shown in fig.
In recent centuries, an increasing amount of riparian lands. The major forms of environmental degradation and their consequences are shown in table 23. Sep 26, 2018 there are many ways to achieve this, but i will list 5 major steps to achieve this. Assessment of the environmental effects of quarrying in.
Changing patterns of social integration affect the ways in which natural resources are utilized by society, the value ascribed to nature, and the importance attached to environmental conservation and rehabilitation. Kenya is an agricultural nation, with over 12 million people residing in areas with degraded lands. By 2025 there maybe 83 million kenyans, with as many as 111 million before the population reaches its plateau. What are causes and effects of environmental degradation.
The economy of kenya and the livelihoods of her people largely depend on the utilization of her rich natural resource base. Introduction environmental degradation and poverty have become important global issues since the 1970s, when the world countries and international community became aware of the negative consequences of overexploitation of the human environment. Both poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing in many developing countries, hence there is a pressing need first to evaluate and analyze the povertyenvironmental degradation nexus, and second, to prescribe policy options to mitigate or eradicate these two problems. Environmental degradation is the disintegration of the earth or. Despite being the foundation on which sustainable development is anchored, there are many environmental degradation issues and challenges facing the country. Environmental degradation has implications for kenyas national budget, welfare and expenditure. The environmental data stem from several sources, and include indicators of freshwater scarcity, land degradation, and population growth and density. Perhaps rural poverty contributes to environmental degradation on the very small proportion of the worlds forests, soils and water to which the poor have access so it is not a major contributor to global environmental degradation but a serious contributor to environmental degradation in particular places alder, graham 1995, tackling. For the country to achieve the mdgs, progress must be made in nairobi, as kenyas capital city and its largest urban centre. The effects of the major environmental problems on both health and productivity are.
Pdf on jan 1, 1997, lucy emerton and others published the national economy and environmental degradation in kenya find, read and cite all the research. Environmental challenges in kenya there is a very limited clean water supply in kenya, especially in rural areas. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil. An important target is stabilizing the fertility rate at 2. Environmental issues in kenya include deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, water shortage and degraded water quality, flooding, poaching, and domestic and industrial pollution. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation with particular reference to carbon emissions and deforestation. Three factors strongly increase the threat of environmental degradation in subsaharan africa. National environment management authority nema and uganda bureau of statistics ubos. Nairobi, the capital city of kenya with about 3 million people, generates over 2000 tones of solid waste daily and only 40% is collected.
This section describes land degradation trends in kenya as an introduction to the following pairs of. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Impact of environmental degradation on agricultural. Environmental degradation in the greater horn of africa.
The zambian government adopted a national conservation strategy in 1985 and the national environmental action plan neap in 1994, in an attempt to redress the. As indicated by the ipat equation, environmental impact i or. It is the surrounding which includes human as well as environment ecological. Factors influencing environmental degradation in urban. Control and limit human population, this is the major source of environmental degradation.
Governments enhancing capacity for low emissions development strategies ecleds. Economics of land degradation and improvement in kenya. Land and environmental degradation and desertification in. On the other hand, the global environment facility gef further describes land degradation as.
Natural disaster preparedness, environmental degradation and sustainable development in kenya collette a. Even with high inputs, kenyas lands can support only 51 million people a total that will be passed by 2010. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil, the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. Effects of land use change on land degradation reflected. Extreme weather events, such as severe flooding, increase the spread of waterborne diseases, such as malaria and diarrhoea. Both poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing in many developing countries, hence there is a pressing need first to evaluate and analyze the poverty environmental degradation nexus, and second, to prescribe policy options to mitigate or eradicate these two problems.
Land tenure, land use, environmental degradation and. The national economy and environmental degradation in kenya. Mar 28, 2020 the pcc is concerned with the investigation of complaints relating to environmental damage and degradation generally. Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict. Use only renewable and sustainable products, materials and energy. Some fear environmental degradation will produce waves of. Throughout the region, the end of the colonial period saw a tremendous expansion of social services, especially in the areas of education and health care. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification. The predominant school of thought argues that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation and if policy makers want to address the environmental issues, then they must first address the poverty problem. The pcc is concerned with the investigation of complaints relating to environmental damage and degradation generally.
Economic growth and environmental degradation in a global. Some of the current environmental issues include water pollution, especially from urban and industrial sources, degradation of water quality from use of pesticides and fertilizer, deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, and. Osd principal, department of commerce, delhi college of arts and commerce, netaji nagar, university of delhi, delhi110023, india. How to solve environmental challenges in kenya environment is a term used to mean our home environment with human population and its physical surrounding, in other words, environment refers to living and non living things and how they interact with their surroundings including the atmosphere, air, water and land. Introduction environmental degradation and poverty have become important global issues since the 1970s, when the world countries and international community became aware of the negative consequences of over. Michelsen institute t he environmental refugee has appeared in the literature on environment and security, and with it the refugee as both a cause and victim of conflict. Land degradation soil erosion, land use systems etc. We are working with the government of kenya to implement the national climate change action plan. Information technology it infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development.
There are many ways to achieve this, but i will list 5 major steps to achieve this. Environmental degradation is a complex process involving transformation, alteration or material loss from any one of the environmental components. We can illustrate in figure 3 the high economic costs of environmental degradation by. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content population growth, environmental degradation, and statesponsored violence, the case of kenya, 199193 colin h. Duraiappah, gerrishon ikiara, mutsembi manundu, wilfred nyangena and rueben sinange working paper no 33 august 2000 international institute for environment and development, london, and institute for environmental. Nov 12, 2015 land degradation is more pronounced in the eastern parts and north eastern parts of kenya as shown in fig. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities11. Climate variability and water resources degradation in. However, these natural resources are at risk of extinction due to environmental degradation. For the country to achieve the mdgs, progress must be made in nairobi, as kenya s capital city and its largest urban centre. Wikipedia when the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur. Poverty reduction can, therefore, be viewed as a strategy for sustainable environmental management.
In addition, education programs surrounding effective land management strategies should be a high priority for both government and aid organizations, as the results of this study suggest. Introduction uganda is a landlocked country in eastern africa and protection of the environment has been one of the key goals of the government of uganda. The analysis is based upon the environmental kuznets curve ekc model, which posits an invertedu relationship between incomes per capita and environmental quality. Causes and consequences article pdf available in european researcher 8182.
The main human activities contributing to environmental degradation in kenya include unsustainable agricultural land use, poor soil and water management. Environment statistics in kenya workshop on environment statistics in support of the implementation of fdes, arushatanzania, 610. Environmental degradation is also a factor in the conflicts between the turkana, pokot and karamoja and those between the pian karamojong and bokora ethnic groups in kenya and uganda. Cattle rustling, due to depletion of stock by droughts, has also led to many intercommunal conflicts in the region, including those between the lounuer and. What are some solutions to environmental degradation. Environmental degradation has implications for kenya s national budget, welfare and expenditure.
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